When breastfeeding, intervals between feeds can be very unpredictable during the first few weeks of life, and patterns of feeding can change from one day to the next. It is advisable for mothers to observe signs that their baby is hungry as opposed to getting fixated on establishing set feeding routines. Signs of hunger include the infant moving around in a restless way and making sucking motions with the lips and tongue. From about 3 weeks onwards, most breastfed infants tend to establish their routine of feeding^.1

The frequency of feeds will vary from one infant to another. Some infants will feed every 1 ½ – 2 hours (timed from the start of one feed to the start of the next) whereas other infants may leave a longer gap of 3-4 hours between feeds. By the time an infant is 4 months old they tend to take 5 breastfeeds per day and by the time they are 6 months this can be between 4-5 breastfeeds per day¹.

It is best that mothers only feed their baby when he or she is actually hungry and not every time the infant cries. When an infant cries it is not always a sign that the baby is hungry, but they could be just over-tired, too cold, too warm, over-stimulated, or have a dirty nappy. Holding and swaddling a crying infant may help settle them.

Bottle-fed infants should be fed on demand. This does not mean that they cannot establish a feeding routine, but it does mean that the infant should be allowed to decide how much formula they take at each feed.

Feeding patterns of bottle-fed infants can be very unpredictable in the first few weeks of life but after about 3 weeks they tend to establish a routine. Every infant is different. Some may prefer to have larger volumes of milk throughout the day whereas other babies may prefer to have smaller volumes of milk more frequently throughout the day. Initially, newborn infants tend to feed every 2-3 hours but by around 2 months they tend to feed every 4 hours².

Some infants will sleep through most of the night whereas other infants may wake up during the night for a feed which is equally normal. It is important that parents allow the infant to set their own feeding routine. Practices such as waking them up for a feed or using two different types of formulas should not be followed.

• If parents think the infant is hungry and is not being satisfied by the whey dominant formula the baby is on, it is important to investigate further before moving onto a casein-based formula.
• For the first 6 months, infants should be taking 150-200ml of infant formula per kg bodyweight per day¹. To establish if an infant is getting too much formula it is important to record the total volume of feed taken over a 24 hour period.
• Also consider growth spurts which usually occur at 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, or 3 months. Infants will demand more milk during these growth spurts.
• If the infant is not exceeding the recommended amount of formula, increase the frequency and volume of their whey-dominant formula.
• If the infant is getting the correct amount of formula but is not being satisfied and is too young to start weaning (weaning onto solid foods should not commence before 17 weeks) a casein-dominant formula such as Cow & Gate First Infant Hungry Milk can be introduced.
• Cow & Gate First Infant Hungry Milk contains 80% casein protein and 20% whey protein. Casein protein takes longer to digest than whey protein therefore a casein dominant formula will delay gastric emptying and keep the infant satisfied for longer³.
• Weaning should commence at about 6 months – no sooner than 17 weeks and not delayed after 6 months^4.
• Risks of early weaning include increased risk of respiratory illness and cough, increased body fat in childhood, and increased risk of allergies, eczema, and enteritis⁵.

• Slows down gastric emptying resulting in a fuller stomach for longer³
• May help delay the early introduction of solids